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文章目录
隐藏
GNOME是运行在类Unix操作系统中最常用桌面环境。是一个功能完善、操作简单、界面友好，集使用和开发为一身的桌面环境，是GNU计划的正式桌面。从用户的角度看，GNOME是一个集成桌面环境和应用程序的套件。从开发者的角度看，它是一个应用程序开发框架(由数目众多的实用函数库组成)。即使用户不运行GNOME桌面环境，用GNOME编写的应用程序也可以正常运行。
GNOME既包含文件管理器、应用商店、文本编辑器等基础软件，也包含系统采样分析、系统日志、软件工程IDE、web浏览器、简洁虚拟机监视器、开发者文档浏览器等高级应用和工具。安装时，建议新建一个管理员用户。
一、查看当前系统环境
[root@openEuler ~]# cat /etc/*-release
openEuler release 23.09
NAME="openEuler"
VERSION="23.09"
ID="openEuler"
VERSION_ID="23.09"
PRETTY_NAME="openEuler 23.09"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
openEuler release 23.09
[root@openEuler ~]# 二、基础安装与配置
1.安装nano
sudo dnf install nano2.备份软件源
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo.backup
3.配置防火墙放通VNC的端口
3.1 配置开放5901端口
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5901/tcp --permanent
3.2重新加载防火墙配置使其生效
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
3.3 验证配置是否生效
sudo firewall-cmd --list-ports[root@openEuler /]# sudo firewall-cmd --list-ports
5901/tcp
[root@openEuler /]# 三、VNC的安装和配置
1.安装VNC服务端
使用‘’ yum install tigervnc-server ‘’命令
yum install tigervnc-server[root@openEuler ~]# sudo yum install tigervnc-server
Last metadata expiration check: 0:21:42 ago on 2023年12月27日 星期三 14时58分16秒.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=====================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
tigervnc-server aarch64 1.13.1-1.oe2309 OS 196 k
Installing dependencies:
libICE aarch64 1.1.1-1.oe2309 OS 50 k
libSM aarch64 1.2.4-1.oe2309 OS 22 k
libXaw aarch64 1.0.15-1.oe2309 OS 149 k
libXdmcp aarch64 1.1.4-1.oe2309 OS 18 k
libXfont2 aarch64 2.0.6-1.oe2309 OS 139 k
libXmu aarch64 1.1.4-2.oe2309 OS 52 k
libXpm aarch64 3.5.16-1.oe2309 OS 39 k
libXt aarch64 1.3.0-1.oe2309 OS 155 k
libXxf86vm aarch64 1.1.5-2.oe2309 OS 15 k
libdrm aarch64 2.4.115-1.oe2309 OS 111 k
libfontenc aarch64 1.1.7-1.oe2309 OS 18 k
libglvnd aarch64 1:1.6.0-1.oe2309 OS 55 k
libglvnd-glx aarch64 1:1.6.0-1.oe2309 OS 110 k
libxkbfile aarch64 1.1.2-1.oe2309 OS 81 k
libxshmfence aarch64 1.3.2-1.oe2309 OS 11 k
mcpp aarch64 2.7.2-29.oe2309 OS 72 k
mesa-dri-drivers aarch64 23.1.3-2.oe2309 OS 4.8 M
mesa-filesystem aarch64 23.1.3-2.oe2309 OS 7.1 k
mesa-libGL aarch64 23.1.3-2.oe2309 OS 140 k
mesa-libglapi aarch64 23.1.3-2.oe2309 OS 39 k
tigervnc-license noarch 1.13.1-1.oe2309 OS 15 k
tigervnc-selinux noarch 1.13.1-1.oe2309 everything 21 k
tigervnc-server-minimal aarch64 1.13.1-1.oe2309 OS 982 k
xorg-x11-server-utils aarch64 7.7-30.oe2309 OS 123 k
xorg-x11-xauth aarch64 1:1.1.2-1.oe2309 OS 25 k
xorg-x11-xinit aarch64 1.4.1-3.oe2309 OS 49 k
xorg-x11-xkb-utils aarch64 7.8-1.oe2309 OS 153 k
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================================================================================================================
Install 28 Packages
Total size: 7.6 M
Total download size: 6.8 M
Installed size: 30 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
[SKIPPED] libICE-1.1.1-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libSM-1.2.4-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libXdmcp-1.1.4-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libXfont2-2.0.6-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libXmu-1.1.4-2.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libXpm-3.5.16-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libXt-1.3.0-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libXxf86vm-1.1.5-2.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libdrm-2.4.115-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libfontenc-1.1.7-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libglvnd-1.6.0-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libglvnd-glx-1.6.0-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
[SKIPPED] libxkbfile-1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm: Already downloaded
(14/28): libxshmfence-1.3.2-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 44 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
(15/28): mcpp-2.7.2-29.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 211 kB/s | 72 kB 00:00
(16/28): mesa-filesystem-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 107 kB/s | 7.1 kB 00:00
(17/28): mesa-libGL-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 1.4 MB/s | 140 kB 00:00
(18/28): mesa-libglapi-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 680 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00
(19/28): tigervnc-license-1.13.1-1.oe2309.noarch.rpm 230 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(20/28): mesa-dri-drivers-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 11 MB/s | 4.8 MB 00:00
(21/28): tigervnc-server-1.13.1-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 1.4 MB/s | 196 kB 00:00
(22/28): tigervnc-server-minimal-1.13.1-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 9.7 MB/s | 982 kB 00:00
(23/28): xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-30.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 2.4 MB/s | 123 kB 00:00
(24/28): xorg-x11-xauth-1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 504 kB/s | 25 kB 00:00
(25/28): xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-3.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 792 kB/s | 49 kB 00:00
(26/28): xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.8-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 2.1 MB/s | 153 kB 00:00
(27/28): tigervnc-selinux-1.13.1-1.oe2309.noarch.rpm 311 kB/s | 21 kB 00:00
(28/28): libXaw-1.0.15-1.oe2309.aarch64.rpm 18 kB/s | 149 kB 00:08
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 788 kB/s | 6.8 MB 00:08
retrieving repo key for OS unencrypted from http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-23.09/OS/aarch64/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
OS 33 kB/s | 3.0 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0xB675600B:
Userid : "openeuler <openeuler@compass-ci.com>"
Fingerprint: 8AA1 6BF9 F2CA 5244 010D CA96 3B47 7C60 B675 600B
From : http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-23.09/OS/aarch64/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : libICE-1.1.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 1/28
Installing : libSM-1.2.4-1.oe2309.aarch64 2/28
Installing : libXt-1.3.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 3/28
Installing : libXmu-1.1.4-2.oe2309.aarch64 4/28
Installing : xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 5/28
Installing : mesa-libglapi-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 6/28
Running scriptlet: mesa-libglapi-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 6/28
Installing : libxshmfence-1.3.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 7/28
Installing : libdrm-2.4.115-1.oe2309.aarch64 8/28
Installing : libXxf86vm-1.1.5-2.oe2309.aarch64 9/28
Installing : tigervnc-selinux-1.13.1-1.oe2309.noarch 10/28
Installing : tigervnc-license-1.13.1-1.oe2309.noarch 11/28
Installing : mesa-filesystem-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 12/28
Installing : mesa-dri-drivers-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 13/28
Installing : mcpp-2.7.2-29.oe2309.aarch64 14/28
Running scriptlet: mcpp-2.7.2-29.oe2309.aarch64 14/28
Installing : xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-30.oe2309.aarch64 15/28
Installing : xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-3.oe2309.aarch64 16/28
Installing : libxkbfile-1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 17/28
Installing : libglvnd-1:1.6.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 18/28
Installing : libglvnd-glx-1:1.6.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 19/28
Installing : mesa-libGL-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 20/28
Installing : libfontenc-1.1.7-1.oe2309.aarch64 21/28
Installing : libXfont2-2.0.6-1.oe2309.aarch64 22/28
Installing : libXpm-3.5.16-1.oe2309.aarch64 23/28
Installing : libXaw-1.0.15-1.oe2309.aarch64 24/28
Installing : xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.8-1.oe2309.aarch64 25/28
Installing : libXdmcp-1.1.4-1.oe2309.aarch64 26/28
Installing : tigervnc-server-minimal-1.13.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 27/28
Installing : tigervnc-server-1.13.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 28/28
Running scriptlet: tigervnc-server-1.13.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 28/28
Verifying : libICE-1.1.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 1/28
Verifying : libSM-1.2.4-1.oe2309.aarch64 2/28
Verifying : libXaw-1.0.15-1.oe2309.aarch64 3/28
Verifying : libXdmcp-1.1.4-1.oe2309.aarch64 4/28
Verifying : libXfont2-2.0.6-1.oe2309.aarch64 5/28
Verifying : libXmu-1.1.4-2.oe2309.aarch64 6/28
Verifying : libXpm-3.5.16-1.oe2309.aarch64 7/28
Verifying : libXt-1.3.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 8/28
Verifying : libXxf86vm-1.1.5-2.oe2309.aarch64 9/28
Verifying : libdrm-2.4.115-1.oe2309.aarch64 10/28
Verifying : libfontenc-1.1.7-1.oe2309.aarch64 11/28
Verifying : libglvnd-1:1.6.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 12/28
Verifying : libglvnd-glx-1:1.6.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 13/28
Verifying : libxkbfile-1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 14/28
Verifying : libxshmfence-1.3.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 15/28
Verifying : mcpp-2.7.2-29.oe2309.aarch64 16/28
Verifying : mesa-dri-drivers-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 17/28
Verifying : mesa-filesystem-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 18/28
Verifying : mesa-libGL-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 19/28
Verifying : mesa-libglapi-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 20/28
Verifying : tigervnc-license-1.13.1-1.oe2309.noarch 21/28
Verifying : tigervnc-server-1.13.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 22/28
Verifying : tigervnc-server-minimal-1.13.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 23/28
Verifying : xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-30.oe2309.aarch64 24/28
Verifying : xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 25/28
Verifying : xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-3.oe2309.aarch64 26/28
Verifying : xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.8-1.oe2309.aarch64 27/28
Verifying : tigervnc-selinux-1.13.1-1.oe2309.noarch 28/28
Installed:
libICE-1.1.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 libSM-1.2.4-1.oe2309.aarch64 libXaw-1.0.15-1.oe2309.aarch64
libXdmcp-1.1.4-1.oe2309.aarch64 libXfont2-2.0.6-1.oe2309.aarch64 libXmu-1.1.4-2.oe2309.aarch64
libXpm-3.5.16-1.oe2309.aarch64 libXt-1.3.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 libXxf86vm-1.1.5-2.oe2309.aarch64
libdrm-2.4.115-1.oe2309.aarch64 libfontenc-1.1.7-1.oe2309.aarch64 libglvnd-1:1.6.0-1.oe2309.aarch64
libglvnd-glx-1:1.6.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 libxkbfile-1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 libxshmfence-1.3.2-1.oe2309.aarch64
mcpp-2.7.2-29.oe2309.aarch64 mesa-dri-drivers-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 mesa-filesystem-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64
mesa-libGL-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 mesa-libglapi-23.1.3-2.oe2309.aarch64 tigervnc-license-1.13.1-1.oe2309.noarch
tigervnc-selinux-1.13.1-1.oe2309.noarch tigervnc-server-1.13.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 tigervnc-server-minimal-1.13.1-1.oe2309.aarch64
xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-30.oe2309.aarch64 xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-3.oe2309.aarch64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.8-1.oe2309.aarch64
Complete!
[root@openEuler ~]# 2.设置VNC密码(可以略过)
[root@openEuler ~]# vncpasswd
Password:你的密码
Verify:重复你的密码
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? y
Password:只读的密码
Verify:重复只读的密码
[root@openEuler ~]# 四、Gnome环境安装
1.安装Xorg1
sudo dnf install xorg-*
这可能会安装很多没用的包，可以使用下面的命令安装必要的xorg相关包。
sudo dnf install xorg-x11-apps xorg-x11-drivers xorg-x11-drv-ati \
xorg-x11-drv-dummy xorg-x11-drv-evdev xorg-x11-drv-fbdev xorg-x11-drv-intel \
xorg-x11-drv-libinput xorg-x11-drv-nouveau xorg-x11-drv-qxl \
xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy xorg-x11-drv-v4l xorg-x11-drv-vesa \
xorg-x11-drv-vmware xorg-x11-drv-wacom xorg-x11-fonts xorg-x11-fonts-others \
xorg-x11-font-utils xorg-x11-server xorg-x11-server-utils xorg-x11-server-Xephyr \
xorg-x11-server-Xspice xorg-x11-util-macros xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth \
xorg-x11-xbitmaps xorg-x11-xinit xorg-x11-xkb-utils
[root@openEuler yum.repos.d]# sudo dnf install xorg-*
Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:58 ago on 2023年12月27日 星期三 16时02分50秒.
Package xorg-x11-apps-7.7-23.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-apps-debuginfo-7.7-23.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-apps-debugsource-7.7-23.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-apps-help-7.7-23.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drivers-7.7-29.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-amdgpu-23.0.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-amdgpu-debuginfo-23.0.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-amdgpu-debugsource-23.0.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-ati-22.0.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-ati-debuginfo-22.0.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-ati-debugsource-22.0.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-ati-help-22.0.0-1.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-dummy-0.4.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debuginfo-0.4.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debugsource-0.4.1-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-dummy-help-0.4.1-1.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-evdev-2.10.6-5.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-evdev-debuginfo-2.10.6-5.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-evdev-debugsource-2.10.6-5.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-evdev-devel-2.10.6-5.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-evdev-help-2.10.6-5.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-fbdev-0.5.0-6.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-fbdev-debuginfo-0.5.0-6.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-fbdev-debugsource-0.5.0-6.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-fbdev-help-0.5.0-6.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-libinput-1.3.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-libinput-debuginfo-1.3.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-libinput-debugsource-1.3.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-libinput-devel-1.3.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-libinput-help-1.3.0-1.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-1:1.0.17-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-debuginfo-1:1.0.17-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-debugsource-1:1.0.17-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-nouveau-help-1:1.0.17-2.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-qxl-0.1.6-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-qxl-debuginfo-0.1.6-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-qxl-debugsource-0.1.6-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-debuginfo-1.9.1-4.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-debugsource-1.9.1-4.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-devel-1.9.1-4.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-synaptics-legacy-1.9.1-4.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-v4l-0.3.0-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-v4l-debuginfo-0.3.0-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-v4l-debugsource-0.3.0-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-v4l-help-0.3.0-2.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-wacom-1.2.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-wacom-debuginfo-1.2.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-wacom-debugsource-1.2.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-wacom-devel-1.2.0-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-drv-wacom-help-1.2.0-1.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-font-utils-1:7.5-44.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-font-utils-debuginfo-1:7.5-44.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-font-utils-debugsource-1:7.5-44.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-font-utils-help-1:7.5-44.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-fonts-7.5-25.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-fonts-others-7.5-25.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-proto-devel-2023.1-1.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-1.20.11-21.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-Xdmx-1.20.11-21.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-Xephyr-1.20.11-21.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-Xnest-1.20.11-21.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-Xspice-0.1.6-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-Xvfb-1.20.11-21.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-Xwayland-22.1.2-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-Xwayland-debuginfo-22.1.2-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-Xwayland-debugsource-22.1.2-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-Xwayland-devel-22.1.2-2.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-common-1.20.11-21.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-debuginfo-1.20.11-21.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-debugsource-1.20.11-21.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-devel-1.20.11-21.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-help-1.20.11-21.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-source-1.20.11-21.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-30.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-utils-debuginfo-7.7-30.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-utils-debugsource-7.7-30.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-server-utils-help-7.7-30.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-util-macros-1.20.0-1.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-utils-7.5-31.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-utils-debuginfo-7.5-31.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-utils-debugsource-7.5-31.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-utils-help-7.5-31.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xauth-1:1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xauth-debuginfo-1:1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xauth-debugsource-1:1.1.2-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xauth-help-1:1.1.2-1.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xbitmaps-1.1.2-1.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-3.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xinit-debuginfo-1.4.1-3.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xinit-debugsource-1.4.1-3.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xinit-help-1.4.1-3.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.8-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debuginfo-7.8-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debugsource-7.8-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xkb-utils-devel-7.8-1.oe2309.aarch64 is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xkb-utils-help-7.8-1.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-xtrans-devel-1.4.0-2.oe2309.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@openEuler yum.repos.d]# 2.安装GNOME及组件
sudo dnf install adwaita-icon-theme atk atkmm at-spi2-atk at-spi2-core baobab \
abattis-cantarell-fonts cheese clutter clutter-gst3 clutter-gtk cogl dconf \
dconf-editor devhelp eog epiphany evince evolution-data-server file-roller folks \
gcab gcr gdk-pixbuf2 gdm gedit geocode-glib gfbgraph gjs glib2 glibmm24 \
glib-networking gmime30 gnome-autoar gnome-backgrounds gnome-bluetooth \
gnome-boxes gnome-builder gnome-calculator gnome-calendar gnome-characters \
gnome-clocks gnome-color-manager gnome-contacts gnome-control-center \
gnome-desktop3 gnome-disk-utility gnome-font-viewer gnome-getting-started-docs \
gnome-initial-setup gnome-keyring gnome-logs gnome-menus gnome-music \
gnome-online-accounts gnome-online-miners gnome-photos gnome-remote-desktop \
gnome-screenshot gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-shell \
gnome-shell-extensions gnome-software gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal \
gnome-tour gnome-user-docs gnome-user-share gnome-video-effects \
gnome-weather gobject-introspection gom grilo grilo-plugins \
gsettings-desktop-schemas gsound gspell gssdp gtk3 gtk4 gtk-doc gtkmm30 \
gtksourceview4 gtk-vnc2 gupnp gupnp-av gupnp-dlna gvfs json-glib libchamplain \
libdazzle libgdata libgee libgnomekbd libgsf libgtop2 libgweather libgxps libhandy \
libmediaart libnma libnotify libpeas librsvg2 libsecret libsigc++20 libsoup \
mm-common mutter nautilus orca pango pangomm libphodav python3-pyatspi \
python3-gobject rest rygel simple-scan sushi sysprof tepl totem totem-pl-parser \
tracker3 tracker3-miners vala vte291 yelp yelp-tools \
yelp-xsl zenity
找不到 gnome-music、gnome-photos 和 rygel 软件包找不到，直接跳过，这个过程比较久！
3. 启动gdm显示管理器
命令的作用是将指定服务（在这里是 gdm，即 GNOME Display Manager）设置为在系统启动时自动启用。具体来说，这个命令会创建一个符号链接，将服务的启动配置文件链接到系统启动目录，以确保在系统启动时启动该服务。
sudo systemctl enable gdm到这个时候通过VNC远程就有桌面显示了！
4.设置系统默认以图形界面登录
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
[root@openEuler ~]# sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
Removed "/etc/systemd/system/default.target".
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.
[root@openEuler ~]# 通过运行这个命令，你告诉系统在下一次启动时应该进入图形用户界面而不是文本控制台。这对于使用桌面环境（如GNOME、KDE等）的用户非常有用，因为图形界面通常需要在启动时正常运行。如果在下一次启动时进入文本控制台而不是图形用户界面，可以使用 sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target，其中 multi-user.target 表示多用户命令行模式的目标。这样，系统将在启动时仅进入文本模式，而不启动图形界面。
五、设置开机自动启动VNC
1.安装xined守护服务
yum install -y xinetd2.配置 VNC 服务器的 xinetd 服务
cat > /etc/xinetd.d/vncserver0 << EOF
service vncserver0
{
disable = no
socket_type = stream
protocol = tcp
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/bin/Xvnc
server_args = -inetd -query localhost -geometry 1920x1020 -depth 24 -once -fp unix/:7100 -securitytypes=none
}
EOF
3.配置GDM服务
cat > /etc/gdm/custom.conf << EOF
# GDM configuration storage
[daemon]
# Uncomment the line below to force the login screen to use Xorg
WaylandEnable=false
[security]
DisallowTCP=fales
AllowRemoteRoot=true
[xdmcp]
Enable=true
[chooser]
[debug]
# Uncomment the line below to turn on debugging
#Enable=true
EOF
4.配置gdm服务端口转发到VNC的5901端口
sed -i '/^vncserver0/d' /etc/services
cat >> /etc/services << EOF
vncserver0 5901/tcp # VNC & GDM
EOF之后重启一下
5.更改SELinux 的执行模式
输入”getenforce‘’查看当前模式
[root@openEuler ~]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@openEuler ~]# setenforce 0：这个命令临时禁用 SELinux，将 SELinux 的执行模式设置为宽容模式。在宽容模式下，SELinux 会记录但不阻止违规的操作。这个设置在系统重新启动后会失效，属于临时性的。sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=permissive/g' /etc/selinux/config：这个命令用于修改/etc/selinux/config配置文件，将 SELinux 的执行模式设置为宽容模式（permissive）并永久生效。通过sed工具，它替换了配置文件中SELINUX=行的值，确保 SELinux 在系统启动时以宽容模式启动。
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=permissive/g' /etc/selinux/config6.重启验证
重启后查看TCP 5901端口监听，端口 5901 目前处于监听状态，而且进程 xinetd 正在使用这个端口。这表明 VNC 服务是通过 xinetd 启动的
[root@openEuler ~]# ss -antp|grep 5901
LISTEN 0 64 *:5901 *:* users:(("xinetd",pid=1139,fd=5))
[root@openEuler ~]# 六、相关命令
1.杀死所有VNC进程
在这里不太适用
pkill Xvnc
七、常见问题
1.Gnome桌面上的“设置”打不开
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2.VNC去连接到桌面时登录不上,而且没有报错
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八、脚注内容
- Xorg提供了底层的图形支持，而GNOME则是一个建立在Xorg之上的桌面环境，用于提供更高层次的用户体验。在Linux系统中，通常会同时使用Xorg和桌面环境（如GNOME、KDE、Xfce等），以提供完整的图形用户界面。 ↩︎
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